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How to Get Off Prozac Safely: There is Hope. There is a Solution.

How to Get Off Prozac Safely is a best selling book on Amazon.com. This book details:

How to eliminate Prozac side effects
How to taper off Prozac
What you can do once off Prozac

Over 30,000 people have used the information in this book to become medication and side effect free.

You will also find in the book a telephone number for FREE support and where you can find medical doctors or psychiatrists using this program.

This book is written for the patient as well as the physician and is delivered in an easy to understand and easy to follow format.

Click here to purchase from Amazon.com.

A quote from the book:

“I am like many others. I decided to come off Prozac by myself in one week. Long story short, you saved my life. Deepest gratitude.”

“I was on Prozac for 10 years and just could never withdraw. Every time I tried, the pain was too much and I'd always start the drug again.  Your program was so easy and worked just like you said it would!  Your personal support has been unbelievable! Thank you! 

Now I have to face all the emotions I blocked for the last decade and I have to tell you, it feels very strange.  But it is wonderful to finally feel again.

Thank you for making this available to the world.  You guys are the best!  I'll be forever grateful.”


Lisa M

A decade ago the author, James Harper, was first published with how to get off psychiatric drugs safely. In 2009, James is taking each medication, one-by-one and writing a detailed book on that medication. Each of these books detail fully what to do, what to avoid and how to safely get off that medication.

James once stated, "Any one can get some one off Prozac or any other psychoactive medication, all they have to do is get the person to stop taking the drug. However, the person will suffer greatly. You see, unless you can get a person feel very well, and I mean very well, before they even start to lower the medication, you have not done your job. And while a person reduces their medication they also need to be able to feel very (emphasis) well. This means all the way off the drug feeling well and what may be even more important, feeling well after they are off the drug.

This is what we are doing daily, this is what are trained physicians are seeing in their practice now daily."

If you are taking Cymbalta, Effexor, Lexapro, Paxil  or Zoloft, James Harper, the author of the best selling book, How to Get Off Psychiatric Drugs Safely, has released 6 additional books that specifically detail how to eliminate side effects and how to taper off these medications.

 

How to Get Off Cymbalta Safely Click here.

How to Get Off Effexor Safely Click here

How to Get Off Lexapro Safely Click here.

How to Get Off Paxil Safely Click here.

How to Get Off Prozac Safely Click here.

How to Get Off Zoloft Safely Click here.

 

If you are taking other medication not listed in the specific books above, get How to Get Off Psychiatric Drugs Safely. Click here.


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Most people coming to this Web Site want to find a way to get off their psychotropic medication, stay on their medication but handle the side effects or they are looking for information about psychotropic medication before starting.

We urge you to use the offered help of James Harper, author of the best selling book The Road Back - How to Get Off Psychiatric Safely.

Over the past several years Mr. Harper has helped thousands taper off their medication with his sound nutritional supplement advice based on DNA.

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Paxil Suicide Product Liability Class Action Filed By Wrongful Death and Personal Injury Law Firm
Philadelphia, PA  19106   March 23 2006
 

A Mix of Medicines That Can Be Lethal

By JANE E. BRODY

Published: February 27, 2007

The death of Libby Zion, an 18-year-old college student, in a New York hospital on March 5, 1984, led to a highly publicized court battle and created a cause célèbre over the lack of supervision of inexperienced and overworked young doctors. But only much later did experts zero in on the preventable disorder that apparently led to Ms. Zion’s death: a form of drug poisoning called serotonin syndrome.


Stuart Bradford

Ms. Zion, who went to the hospital with a fever of 103.5, had been taking a prescribed antidepressant, phenelzine (Nardil). The combination of phenelzine and the narcotic painkiller meperidine (Demerol) given to her at the hospital could raise the level of circulating serotonin to dangerous levels. When she became agitated, a symptom of serotonin toxicity, and tried to pull out her intravenous tubes, she was restrained, and the resulting muscular tension is believed to have sent her fever soaring to lethal heights.

Now, with the enormous rise in the use of serotonin-enhancing antidepressants, often taken in combination with other drugs that also raise serotonin levels, emergency medicine specialists are trying to educate doctors and patients about this not-so-rare and potentially life-threatening disorder. In March 2005, two such specialists, Dr. Edward W. Boyer and Dr. Michael Shannon of Children’s Hospital Boston, noted that more than 85 percent of doctors were “unaware of the serotonin syndrome as a clinical diagnosis.”

In their review in The New England Journal of Medicine, Dr. Boyer and Dr. Shannon cited a report based on calls to poison control centers around the country in 2002 showing 7,349 cases of serotonin toxicity and 93 deaths. (In 2005, the last year for which statistics are available, 118 deaths were reported.)

The experts fear that failure to recognize serotonin syndrome in its mild or early stages can result in improper treatment and an abrupt worsening of the condition, leading to severe illness or death. Even more important, in hopes of preventing it, they want doctors — and patients — to know just what drugs and drug combinations can cause serotonin poisoning.

A Diagnostic Challenge

Serotonin syndrome was first described in medical literature in 1959 in a patient with tuberculosis who was treated with meperidine. But it wasn’t given its current name until 1982.

Recognizing the early signs is tricky because it has varying symptoms that can be easily confused with less serious conditions, including tremor, diarrhea, high blood pressure, anxiety and agitation. The examining physician may regard early symptoms as inconsequential and may not think to relate them to drug therapy, Dr. Boyer and Dr. Shannon noted.

In its classic form, serotonin syndrome involves three categories of symptoms:

¶Cognitive-behavioral symptoms like confusion, disorientation, agitation, irritability, unresponsiveness and anxiety.

¶Neuromuscular symptoms like muscle spasms, exaggerated reflexes, muscular rigidity, tremors, loss of coordination and shivering.

Autonomic nervous system symptoms like fever, profuse sweating, rapid heart rate, raised blood pressure and dilated pupils.

Widespread ignorance of the syndrome is another diagnostic impediment. But even when doctors know about it, the strict diagnostic criteria may rule out “what are now recognized as mild, early or subacute stages of the disorder,” Dr. Boyer and Dr. Shannon wrote.

Perhaps adding to the diagnostic challenge is the fact that a huge number of drugs — prescription, over the counter, recreational and herbal — can trigger the syndrome. In addition to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors like Zoloft, Prozac and Paxil and serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors like Effexor, the list includes tricyclic antidepressants and MAOIs (for monoamine oxidase inhibitors); narcotic painkillers like fentanyl and tramadol; over-the-counter cough and cold remedies containing dextromethorphan; the anticonvulsant valproate; triptans like Imitrex used to treat and prevent migraines; the antibiotic Zyvox (linezolide); antinausea drugs; the anti-Parkinson’s drug L-dopa; the weight-loss drug Meridia (sibutramine); lithium; the dietary supplements tryptophan, St. John’s wort and ginseng; and several drugs of abuse, including ecstasy, LSD, amphetamines, the hallucinogens foxy methoxy and Syrian rue.

Although serotonin poisoning can be caused by an antidepressant overdose, it more often results from a combination of an S.S.R.I. or MAOI with another serotonin-raising substance. Patients at particular risk, some experts say, are those taking combinations of antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs sometimes prescribed to treat resistant depression. All it may take is a small dose of another serotonin-inducing drug to cause the syndrome.

One patient, a 45-year-old Bostonian, had been taking four drugs to treat depression when he had surgery on an ankle last December. He developed several classic signs of serotonin syndrome while in the recovery room, where he had been given fentanyl when the anesthetic wore off.

As described by his wife, he suddenly developed tremors and violent shaking and started cracking his teeth. He was moved to the intensive care unit, where he thrashed and flailed, was oblivious to those around him, and had to be restrained to keep from pulling out his tubes. Two weeks later, he was still in intensive care and still very confused, despite being taken off all medications that could have caused his symptoms.

Serotonin syndrome can occur at any age, including in the elderly, in newborns and even in dogs. Since 1998, the poison control center at the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals has gotten more than a thousand reports of the ingestion of antidepressant medications by dogs, which can develop symptoms rapidly and die. The syndrome can also occur weeks after a serotonin-raising drug has been discontinued. Some drugs remain active in the body for weeks, and the MAOIs disable an enzyme involved in serotonin metabolism that does not recover until weeks after the drugs are stopped.

Prevention and Treatment

Most cases of serotonin syndrome are mild and resolved within 24 hours. But if the doctor fails to recognize them and prescribes either a larger dose of a serotonin enhancer or another serotonin-raising drug, the consequences can be rapid and severe.

Most important to preventing the syndrome is for patients to give each of their doctors a complete list of drugs they regularly take — including prescriptions, over-the-counter medication, dietary supplements and recreational drugs — before a doctor prescribes something new.

Indeed, if you are taking any of the drugs described above, you might ask whether a new prescription is safe. And when filling a new prescription, it’s not a bad idea to also ask the pharmacist whether the medication, or an over-the-counter remedy you are considering, is safe to combine with any other drugs you take.

Once the syndrome develops, the first step is to stop the offending drugs. It is crucial to seek immediate care, preferably in a hospital. Most cases require only treatment of symptoms like agitation, elevated blood pressure and body temperature, and a tincture of time.

More severe cases are treated with drugs that inhibit serotonin and chemical sedation. Dr. Boyer and Dr. Shannon cautioned against using physical restraints to control agitation because they could enforce isometric muscle contractions that cause a severe buildup of lactic acid and a life-threatening rise in body temperature.

Prozac side effects
 
Body

Prozac side effects
 
Dry Mouth - The usual amount to moisture in the mouth is noticeably less.

 Prozac side effects
 
Sweating Increased - A large quantity of perspiration that is medically caused.

Prozac side effects
 
Cardiovascular (Involving the heart and the blood vessels)

Prozac side effects
 
Palpitation - Unusual and not normal heartbeat, that is sometimes irregular, but rapid and forceful thumping or fluttering.  It can be brought on by shock, excitement, exertion, or medical stimulants.  A person is normally unaware of his/her heartbeat.

 Prozac side effects
 
Hypertension - is high blood pressure, which is a symptom of disease in the blood vessels leading away from the heart.  Hypertension is known as the “silent killer”.  The symptoms are usually not obvious, however it can lead to damage to the heart, brain, kidneys and eye, and even to stroke and kidney failure. Treatment includes dietary and lifestyle changes.

Prozac side effects
 
Bradycardia - The heart rate is slowed from 72 beats per minute, which is normal, to below 60 beats per minute in an adult.

Prozac side effects
 
Tachycardia - The heart rate is speeded up to above 100 beats per minute in an adult.  Normal adult heart rate is 72 beats per minute.

Prozac side effects
 
ECG Abnormal - A test called an electrocardiogram (ECG) that records the activity of the heart.  It measures heartbeats as will as the position and size of the heart’s four chambers.  It also measures if there is damage to the heart and the effects of drugs or mechanical devices like a pacemaker on the heart.  When the test is abnormal this means that one or more of the following are present: heart disease, defects, beating too fast or too slow, disease of the blood vessels leading from the heart or of the heart valves, and/or a past or about to occur heart attack. 

Lexapro side effects
 
Flushing
- The skin all over the body turns red.

Prozac side effects
 
Varicose Vein
- Unusually swollen veins near the surface of the skin that sometimes appear twisted and knotted, but always enlarged.  They are called hemorrhoids when they appear around the rectum.  The cause is attributed to hereditary weakness in the veins aggravated by obesity, pregnancy, pressure from standing, aging, etc.  Severe cases may develop swelling in the legs, ankles and feet, eczema and/or ulcers in the affected areas.

Prozac side effects
 Gastrointestinal (Involving the stomach and the intestines)

Prozac side effects
 
Abdominal Cramp/Pain
- Sudden, severe, uncontrollable and painful shortening and thickening of the muscles in the belly.  The belly includes the stomach as well as the intestines, liver, kidneys, pancreas, spleen, gall bladder, and urinary bladder.

Prozac side effects
 
Belching
- Noisy release of gas from the stomach through the mouth; a burp.

Prozac side effects
 
Bloating
- Swelling of the belly caused by excessive intestinal gas.

Prozac side effects
 
Constipation
- Difficulty in having a bowel movement where the material in the bowels is hard due to a lack of exercise, fluid intake, and roughage in the diet, or due to certain drugs.

Prozac side effects
 
Diarrhea
- Unusually frequent and excessive, runny bowel movements that may result in severe dehydration and shock

Prozac side effects
 
Dyspepsia
- Indigestion.  This is the discomfort you experience after eating.  It can be heartburn, gas, nausea, a bellyache or bloating.

Prozac side effects
 
Flatulence
- More gas than normal in the digestive organs.

Prozac side effects
 
Gagging
- Involuntary choking and/or involuntary throwing up.

Prozac side effects
 
Gastritis
- A severe irritation of the mucus lining of the stomach either short in duration or lasting for a long period of time.

Prozac side effects
 
Gastroenteritis
- A condition where the membranes of the stomach and intestines are irritated.

Prozac side effects
 
Gastroesophageal Reflux
- A continuous state where stomach juices flow back into the throat causing acid indigestion and heartburn and possibly injury to the throat.

Prozac side effects
 
Heartburn
- A burning pain in the area of the breastbone caused by stomach juices flowing back up into the throat.

Prozac side effects
 
Hemorrhoids
- Small rounded purplish swollen veins that either bleed, itch or are painful and appear around the anus.

 

Prozac side effects
 
Increased Stool frequency -
Diarrhea.  

Prozac side effects
 
Indigestion
- Unable to properly consume and absorb food in the digestive tract causing constipation, nausea, stomach ache, gas, swollen belly, pain and general discomfort or sickness.

Prozac side effects
 
Nausea
- Stomach irritation with a queasy sensation similar to motion sickness and a feeling that one is going to vomit.

Prozac side effects
 
Polyposis Gastric
- Tumors that grow on stems in the lining of the stomach, which usually become cancerous.

Prozac side effects
 
Swallowing Difficulty
- A feeling that food is stuck in the throat or upper chest area and won’t go down, making it difficult to swallow.

Prozac side effects
 
Toothache
- Pain in a tooth above and below the gum line.

Prozac side effects
 
Vomiting
- Involuntarily throwing up the contents of the stomach and usually getting a nauseated, sick feeling just prior to doing so.

Prozac side effects
 
General

Prozac side effects
 
Allergy - The extreme sensitivity of body tissues triggered by substances in the air, drugs, or foods causing a reaction like sneezing, itching, asthma, hay fever, skin rashes, nausea and/or vomiting.

Prozac side effects
 
Anaphylaxis - A violent, sudden, and severe drop in blood pressure caused by a re-exposure to a foreign protein or a second dosage of a drug that may be fatal unless emergency treatment is given right away.

Prozac side effects
 
Asthenia - A physically weak condition.

Prozac side effects
 
Chest Pains - Severe discomfort in the chest caused by not enough oxygen going to the heart because of narrowing of the blood vessels or spasms.

Prozac side effects
 
Chills - Appearing pale while cold and shivering; sometimes with a fever.

Prozac side effects
 
Edema of Extremities - Abnormal swelling of the body’s tissue caused by the collection of fluid.

Prozac side effects
 
Fall - To suddenly lose your normal standing upright position as if you were shot.

Prozac side effects
 
Fatigue - Loss of normal strength so as to not be able to do the usual physical and mental activities. 

Prozac side effects
 
Fever - Abnormally high body temperature, the normal being 98 degrees Fahrenheit or 37 degrees Centigrade in humans, which is a symptom of disease or disorder in the body.  The body is affected by feeling hot, chilled, sweaty, weak and exhausted.  If the fever goes too high, death can result.

Prozac side effects
 
Hot Flashes - Brief, abnormal enlargement of the blood vessels that causes a sudden heat sensation over the entire body.  Women in menopause will sometimes experience this.

Prozac side effects
 
Influenza-like Symptoms - Demonstrating irritation of the respiratory tract (organs of breathing) such as a cold, sudden fever, aches and pains, as well as feeling weak and seeking bed rest, which is similar to having the flu.

Prozac side effects
 
Leg Pain - A hurtful sensation in the legs that is caused by excessive stimulation of the nerve endings in the legs and results in extreme discomfort.

Prozac side effects
 
Malaise - The somewhat unclear feeling of discomfort you get when you start to feel sick.

Prozac side effects
 
Pain in Limb - Sudden, sharp and uncontrolled leg discomfort.

Prozac side effects
 
Syncope - A short period of light headedness or unconsciousness (black-out) also know as fainting caused by lack of oxygen to the brain because of an interruption in blood flowing to the brain.

Prozac side effects
 
Tightness of Chest - Mild or sharp discomfort, tightness or pressure in the chest area (anywhere between the throat and belly).  The causes can be mild or seriously life-threatening because they include the heart, lungs and surrounding muscles.

Prozac side effects
 
Hemic and Lymphatic Disorders (Involving the blood and the clear fluids in the tissues that contain white blood cells)

Prozac side effects
 
Bruise - Damage to the skin resulting in a purple-green-yellow skin coloration that’s caused by breaking the blood vessels in the area without breaking the surface of the skin.

Prozac side effects
 
Anemia - A condition where the blood is no longer carrying enough oxygen, so the person looks pale and easily gets dizzy, weak and tired.  More severely, a person can end up with an abnormal heart, as well as breathing and digestive difficulties.  The causes of anemia are not enough protein in the red blood cells, or missing and chemically destroyed red blood cells, as well as diseased or destroyed bone marrow.

Prozac side effects
 
Nosebleed - Blood lost from the part of the face that has the organs of smell and is where the body takes in oxygen.

Prozac side effects
 
Hematoma - Broken blood vessels that cause a swelling in an area on the body.

Prozac side effects
 
Lymphadenopathy Cervical - The lymph nodes in the neck, which are part of the body’s immune system get swollen and enlarge by reacting to the presence of a drug.  The swelling is the result of the white blood cells multiplying in order to fight the invasion of the drug.

Prozac side effects
 
Metabolic and Nutritional Disorders (Energy and health)

Prozac side effects
 
Arthralgia - Sudden sharp nerve pain in one or more joints.

Prozac side effects
 
Arthropathy - Having joint disease or abnormal joints.

Prozac side effects
 
Arthritis - Painfully inflamed and swollen joints.  The reddened and swollen condition is brought on by a serious injury or shock to the body either from physical or emotional causes.

Prozac side effects
 
Back Discomfort
- Severe physical distress in the area from the neck to the pelvis along the backbone.

Prozac side effects
 
Bilirubin Increased
- Bilirubin is a waste product of the breakdown of old blood cells.  Bilirubin is sent to the liver to be made water-soluble so it can be eliminated from the body through emptying the bladder.  A drug can interfere with or damage this normal liver function creating liver disease.

 

Prozac side effects
 
Decreased Weight
- Uncontrolled and measured loss of heaviness or weight.

Prozac side effects
 
Gout
- A severe arthritis condition that is caused by the dumping of a waste product called uric acid in the tissues and joints.  It can become worse and cause the body to develop a deformity after going through stages of pain, inflammation, severe tenderness, and stiffness.

Prozac side effects
 
Hepatic Enzymes Increased
- An increase in the amount of paired liver proteins that regulate liver processes causing a condition where the liver functions abnormally.

Prozac side effects
 
Hypercholesterolemia
- Too much cholesterol in the blood cells.

Prozac side effects
 
Hyperglycemia
- An unhealthy amount of sugar in the blood.

Prozac side effects
 
Increased Weight
- A concentration and storage of fat in the body accumulating over a period of time caused by unhealthy eating patterns, that can predispose the body to many disorders and diseases.

Prozac side effects
 
Jaw Pain
- The pain due to irritation and swelling of the nerves associated with the mouth area where it opens and closes just in front of the ear.  Some of the symptoms are pain when chewing, head aches, losing your balance, stuffy ears or ringing in the ears, and teeth grinding.

 

Prozac side effects
 
Jaw Stiffness
- The result of squeezing and grinding the teeth while asleep that can cause your teeth to deteriorate as well as the muscles and joints of the jaw.

Prozac side effects
 
Joint Stiffness
- A loss of free motion and easy flexibility where any two bones come together.

Prozac side effects
 
Muscle Cramp
- When muscles contract uncontrollably without warning and do not relax.  The muscles of any of the body’s organs can cramp.

Prozac side effects
 
Muscle Stiffness
- Tightening of muscles making it difficult to bend.

Prozac side effects
 
Muscle Weakness
- Loss of physical strength.

Prozac side effects
 
Myalgia
- A general widespread pain and tenderness of the muscles.

Prozac side effects
 
Thirst - A strong, unnatural craving for moisture/water in the mouth and throat. 

Prozac side effects
 
Nervous System (Sensory channels)

Prozac side effects
 
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
- A pinched nerve in the wrist that causes pain, tingling, and numbing.

Prozac side effects
 
Coordination Abnormal
- A lack of normal, harmonious interaction of the parts of the body when it is in motion.

Prozac side effects
 
Dizziness
- Losing one’s balance while feeling unsteady and lightheaded which may lead to fainting.

Prozac side effects
 
Disequilibrium
- Lack of mental and emotional balance.

Prozac side effects
 
Faintness
- A temporary condition where one is likely to go unconscious and fall.

Prozac side effects
 
Headache
- A sharp or dull persistent pain in the head

Prozac side effects
 
Hyperreflexia
- A not normal and involuntary increased response in the tissues connecting the bones to the muscles.

Prozac side effects
 
Light-headed Feeling
– Uncontrolled and usually brief loss of consciousness caused by lack of oxygen to the brain.

Prozac side effects
 
Migraine
- Reoccurring severe head pain usually with nausea, vomiting, dizziness, flashes or spots before the eyes, and ringing in the ears

Prozac side effects
 
Muscle Contractions Involuntary
- Spontaneous and uncontrollable tightening reaction of the muscles caused by electrical impulses from the nervous system.

Prozac side effects
 
Muscular Tone Increased
- Uncontrolled and exaggeration muscle tension.  Muscles are normally partially tensed and this is what gives us muscle tone. 

Prozac side effects
 
Paresthesia
- Burning, prickly, itchy, or tingling skin with no obvious or understood physical cause.

Prozac side effects
 
Restless Legs
- A need to move the legs without any apparent reason.  Sometimes there is pain, twitching, jerking, cramping, burning, or a creepy-crawly sensation associated with the movements.  It worsens when a person is inactive and can interrupt one’s sleep so one feels the need to move to gain some relief.

Prozac side effects
 
Shaking
- Uncontrolled quivering and trembling as if one is cold and chilled.

Prozac side effects
 
Sluggishness
- Lack of alertness and energy, as well as being slow to respond or perform in life.

Prozac side effects
 
Tics
- A contraction of a muscle causing a repeated movement not under the control of the person usually on the face or limbs.

Prozac side effects
 
Tremor
- A nervous and involuntary vibrating or quivering of the body.

Prozac side effects
 
Twitching
- Sharp, jerky and spastic motion sometimes with a sharp sudden pain.

Prozac side effects
 
Vertigo
- A sensation of dizziness with disorientation and confusion.

Prozac side effects
 Psychiatric Disorders
(Mental and emotional)

Prozac side effects
 
Aggravated Nervousness
- A progressively worsening, irritated and troubled state of mind.

Prozac side effects
 
Agitation
- Suddenly violent and forceful, emotionally disturbed state of mind.

Prozac side effects
 
Amnesia
- Long term or short term, partial or full memory loss created by emotional or physical shock, severe illness, or a blow to the head where the person was caused pain and became unconsciousness.

Prozac side effects
 
Anxiety Attack
- Sudden and intense feelings of fear, terror, and dread physically creating shortness of breath, sweating, trembling and heart palpitations.

Prozac side effects
 
Apathy
- Complete lack of concern or interest for things that ordinarily would be regarded as important or would normally cause concern.

Prozac side effects
 
Appetite Decreased
- Having a lack of appetite despite the ordinary caloric demands of living with a resulting unintentional loss of weight.

Prozac side effects
 
Appetite Increased
- An unusual hunger causing one to overeat.

Prozac side effects
 
Auditory Hallucination
- Hearing things without the voices or noises being present.

Prozac side effects
 
Bruxism
- Grinding and clenching of teeth while sleeping.

Prozac side effects
 
Carbohydrate Craving
- A drive and craving to eat foods rich in sugar and starches (sweets, snacks and junk foods) that intensifies as the diet becomes more and more unbalanced due to the unbalancing of the proper nutritional requirements of the body.

Prozac side effects
 
Concentration Impaired
- Unable to easily focus your attention for long periods of time.

Prozac side effects
 
Confusion
- Not able to think clearly and understand in order to make a logical decision.

Prozac side effects
 
Crying Abnormal
- Unusual and not normal fits of weeping for short or long periods of time for no apparent reason.

Prozac side effects
 
Depersonalization
- A condition where one has lost a normal sense of personal identity.

Prozac side effects
 
Depression
- A hopeless feeling of failure, loss and sadness that can deteriorate into thoughts of death.

Prozac side effects
 
Disorientation
- A loss of sense of direction, place, time or surroundings as well as mental confusion on personal identity.

Prozac side effects
 
Dreaming Abnormal
- Dreaming that leaves a very clear, detailed picture and impression when awake that can last for a long period of time and sometimes be unpleasant.

Prozac side effects
 
Emotional Lability
- Suddenly breaking out in laughter or crying or doing both without being able to control the outburst of emotion.  These episodes are unstable as they are caused by things that normally would not have this effect on an individual.

Prozac side effects
 
Excitability
- Uncontrollably responding to stimuli.

Prozac side effects
 
Feeling Unreal
- The awareness that one has an undesirable emotion like fear but can’t seem to shake off the irrational feeling.  For example, feeling like one is going crazy but rationally knowing that it is not true.  The quality of this side effect resembles being in a bad dream and not being able to wake up.

Prozac side effects
 
Forgetfulness
- Unable to remember what one ordinarily would remember.

Prozac side effects
 
Insomnia
- Sleeplessness caused by physical stress, mental stress or stimulants such as coffee or medications; it is a condition of being abnormally awake when one would ordinarily be able to fall and remain asleep.

Prozac side effects
 
Irritability
- Abnormally annoyed in response to a stimulus.

Prozac side effects
 
Jitteriness
- Nervous fidgeting without an apparent cause.

Prozac side effects
 
Lethargy
- Mental and physical sluggishness and apathy that can deteriorate into an unconscious state resembling deep sleep.  A numbed state of mind.

Prozac side effects
 
Libido Decreased
- An abnormal loss of sexual energy or desire.

Prozac side effects
 
Panic Reaction
- A sudden, overpowering, chaotic and confused mental state of terror resulting in being doubt ridden often accompanied with hyperventilation, and extreme anxiety.

Prozac side effects
 
Restlessness Aggravated
- A constantly worsening troubled state of mind characterized by the person being increasingly nervous, unable to relax, and easily angered.

Prozac side effects
 
Somnolence
- Feeling sleepy all the time or having a condition of semi-consciousness.

Prozac side effects
 
Suicide Attempt
- An unsuccessful deliberate attack on one’s own life with the intention of ending it.

Prozac side effects
 
Suicidal Tendency
- Most likely will attempt to kill oneself.

Prozac side effects
 
Tremulousness Nervous
- Very jumpy, shaky, and uneasy while feeling fearful and timid.  The condition is characterized by thoughts of dreading the future, involuntary quivering, trembling, and feeling distressed and suddenly upset.

Prozac side effects
 
Yawning
- involuntary opening of the mouth with deep inhalation of air.

Prozac side effects
 
Reproductive Disorder Female

Prozac side effects
 
Breast Neoplasm - A tumor or cancer, of either of the two milk-secreting organs on the chest of a woman. 

Prozac side effects
 
Menorrhagia - Abnormally heavy menstrual period or a menstrual flow that has continued for an unusually long period of time.

Prozac side effects
 
Menstrual Cramps - Painful, involuntary uterus contractions that women experience around the time of their menstrual period, sometimes causing pain in the lower back and thighs.

Prozac side effects
 
Menstrual Disorder - A disturbance or derangement in the normal function of a woman’s menstrual period.

Prozac side effects
 
Pelvic Inflammation - The reaction of the body to infectious, allergic, or chemical irritation, which in turn causes tissue irritation, injury, or bacterial infection characterized by pain, redness, swelling, and sometimes loss of function. The reaction usually begins in the uterus and spreads to the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and other areas in the hipbone region of the body.

Prozac side effects
 
Premenstrual Syndrome - Various physical and mental symptoms commonly experienced by women of childbearing age usually 2 to 7 days before the start of their monthly period.  There are over 150 symptoms including eating binges, behavioral changes, moodiness, irritability, fatigue, fluid retention, breast tenderness, headaches, bloating, anxiety, and depression.  The symptoms cease shortly after the period begins, and disappear with menopause.

Prozac side effects
 
Spotting Between Menses - Abnormal bleeding between periods.  Unusual spotting between menstrual cycles.

Prozac side effects
 
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (Organs involved in breathing)

Prozac side effects
 
Asthma - A disease of the breathing system initiated by and allergic reaction or a chemical with repeated attacks of coughing, sticky mucus, wheezing, shortness of breath, and a tight feeling in the chest.  The disease can reach a state where it stops a person from exhaling, leading to unconsciousness and death.

Prozac side effects
 
Breath Shortness - Unnatural breathing using a lot off effort resulting in not enough air taken in by the body.

Prozac side effects
 
Bronchitis - Inflammation of the two main breathing tubes leading from the windpipe to the lungs.  The disease is marked with coughing, a low-grade fever, chest pains, and hoarseness, caused by an allergic reaction.

Prozac side effects
 
Coughing - A cough is the response to an irritation, such as mucus, that causes the muscles controlling the breathing process to expel air from the lungs suddenly and noisily to keep the air passages free from the irritating material.

Prozac side effects
 
Laryngitis - Inflammation of the voice box characterized by hoarseness, sore throat, and coughing.  It can be cause by straining the voice or exposure to infectious, allergic or chemical irritation.

Prozac side effects
 
Nasal Congestion - The presence of an abnormal amount of fluid in the nose.

Prozac side effects
 
Pneumonia Tracheitis - Bacterial infection of the air passageways and lungs that causes redness, swelling and pain in the windpipe.  Other symptoms are high fever, chills, pain in the chest, difficulty in breathing, and coughing with mucus discharge.

Prozac side effects
 
Rhinitis - Chemical irritation causing pain, redness and swelling in the mucus membranes of the nose.

Prozac side effects
 
Sinus Congestion - The mucus-lined areas of the bones in the face that are thought to help warm and moisten air to the nose.  These areas become clogged with excess fluid or infected.

Prozac side effects
 
Sinus Headache - The abnormal amount of fluid in the hollows of the face bone area especially around the nose.  This excess fluid creates pressure, causing pain in the head.

Prozac side effects
 
Sinusitis - The body reacting to chemical irritation causing redness, swelling and pain in the area of the hollows in the facial bones especially around the nose.

Prozac side effects
 
SKELETAL

Prozac side effects
 
Neck/Shoulder Pain -
Hurtful sensations of the nerve endings caused by damage to the tissues in the neck and shoulder signaling danger of disease.

Prozac side effects
 
SKIN and APPENDAGES DISORDERS (Skin, legs and arms)

Prozac side effects
 
Acne - Eruptions of the oils glands of the skin, especially on the face, marked by pimples, blackheads, whiteheads, bumps, and more severely, by cysts and scarring.

Prozac side effects
 
Alopecia -
The loss of hair or baldness.

Prozac side effects
 
Eczema - A severe or continuing skin disease marked by redness, crusting and scaling with watery blisters and itching.  It is often difficult to treat and will sometimes go away only to reappear again.

Prozac side effects
 
Dermatitis - Generally irritated skin that can be caused by any of a number of irritating things such as parasites, fungus, bacteria, or foreign substances causing an allergic reaction.  It is a general inflammation of the skin.

Prozac side effects
 
Dry Lips - The lack of normal moisture in the fleshy folds that surround the mouth.

Prozac side effects
 
Dry Skin
- The lack of normal moisture/oils in the surface layer of the body.  The skin is the body’s largest organ.

 

Prozac side effects
 
Folliculitis
- Inflammation of a follicle (small body sac) especially a hair follicle.  A hair follicle contains the root of a hair.

 

Prozac side effects
 
Furunculosis
- Skin boils that show up repeatedly.

 

Prozac side effects
 
Lipoma
- A tumor of mostly fat cells that is not health endangering.

 

Prozac side effects
 
Pruritus
- Extreme itching of often-undamaged skin.

 

Prozac side effects
 
Rash
- A skin eruption or discoloration that may or may not be itching, tingling, burning, or painful.  It may be caused by an allergy, an skin irritation, a skin disease.

 

Prozac side effects
 
Skin Nodule
- A bulge, knob, swelling or outgrowth in the skin that is a mass of tissue or cells.

 

Prozac side effects
 
SPECIAL SENSES

 

Prozac side effects
 
Conjunctivitis
- Infection of the membrane that covers the eyeball and lines the eyelid, caused by a virus, allergic reaction, or an irritating chemical.  It is characterized by redness, a discharge of fluid and itching.

 

Prozac side effects
 
Dry Eyes
- Not enough moisture in the eyes.

 

Prozac side effects
 
Earache
- Pain in the ear.

           

Prozac side effects
 
Eye Infection
- The invasion of the eye tissue by a bacteria, virus, fungus, etc, causing damage to the tissue, with toxicity.  Infection spreading in the body progresses into disease.

 

Prozac side effects
 
Eye Irritation
- An inflammation of the eye.

 

Prozac side effects
 
Metallic Taste
- A range of taste impairment from distorted taste to a complete loss of taste.

 

Prozac side effects
 
Pupils Dilated
- Abnormal expansion of the blace circular opening in the center of the eye.

 

Prozac side effects
 
Taste alteration
- Abnormal flavor detection in food.

 

Prozac side effects
 
Tinnitus
- A buzzing, ringing, or whistling sound in one or both ears occurring from the internal use of certain drugs.

 

Prozac side effects
 
Vision Abnormal
- Normal images are seen differently by the viewer.

 

Prozac side effects
 
Vision Blurred
- Eyesight is dim or indistinct and hazy in outline or appearance.

 

Prozac side effects
 
Visual Disturbance
- Eyesight is interfered with or interrupted.  Some disturbances are light sensitivity and the inability to easily distinguish colors.

Prozac side effects
 
URINARY SYSTEM DISORDER

Prozac side effects
 
Blood in Urine - Blood is present when one empties liquid waste product of the kidneys through the bladder by urinating in the toilet turning the water pink to bright red.  Or you could see pots of blood in the water after urinating. 

Prozac side effects
 
Dysuria - Difficult or painful urination.

Prozac side effects
 
Kidney Stone - Small hard masses of salt deposits that the kidney forms.

Prozac side effects
 
Urinary Frequency - Having to urinate more often than usual or between unusually short time periods.

Prozac side effects
 
Urinary Tract Infection - An invasion of bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc., of the system in the body that starts with the kidneys and eliminates urine from the body.  If the invasion goes unchecked it can injure tissue and progress into disease.

Prozac side effects
 
Urinary Urgency - A sudden compelling urge to urinate, accompanied by discomfort in the bladder.

Prozac side effects
 
UROGENITAL (Urinary tract and genital structures or functions)

Prozac side effects
 
Anorgasmia - Failure to experience an orgasm.

Prozac side effects
 
Ejaculation Disorder - Dysfunction of the discharge of semen during orgasm.

Prozac side effects
 
Menstrual Disorder - Dysfunction of the discharge during the monthly menstrual cycle.

Prozac side effects
 
Acute Renal Failure - The kidneys stop functioning properly to excrete wastes.

 

Prozac side effects
 
Angioedema - Intensely itching and swelling welts on the skin called hives caused by an allergic reaction to internal or external agents.  The reaction is common to a food or a drug. Chronic cases can last for a long period of time. 

Prozac side effects
 
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis - An abnormal condition where a large portion of skin becomes intensely red and peels off like a second-degree burn.  Often the symptoms include blistering.

Prozac side effects
 
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage - Stomach and intestinal excessive internal bleeding.

Prozac side effects
 
Grand Mal Seizures (or Convulsions)
- A recurring sudden violent and involuntary attack of muscle spasms with a loss of consciousness.

Prozac side effects
 
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
- A life threatening, rare reaction to an anti-psychotic drug marked by fever, muscular rigidity, changed mental status, and dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system.

 

Prozac side effects
 
Pancreatitis
- Chemical irritation with redness, swelling, and pain in the pancreas where digestive enzymes and hormones are secreted.

 

Prozac side effects
 
QT Prolongation
- A very fast heart rhythm disturbance that is too fast for the heart to beat effectively so the blood to the brain falls causing a sudden loss of consciousness and may cause sudden cardiac death.

 

Prozac side effects
 
Rhabdomyolysis
- The breakdown of muscle fibers that releases the fibers into the circulatory system.  Some of the fibers are poisonous to the kidney and frequently result in kidney damage.

 

Prozac side effects
 
Serotonin Syndrome
- A disorder brought on by excessive levels of serotonin caused by drugs and can be fatal as death from this side effect can come very rapidly.

 

Prozac side effects
 
Thrombocytopenia
- An abnormal decrease in the number of blood platelets in the circulatory system. A decrease in platelets would cause a decrease in the ability of the blood to clot when necessary.

 

Prozac side effects
 
Torsades de Pointes
- Unusual rapid heart rhythm starting in the lower heart chambers.  If the short bursts of rapid heart rhythm continue for a prolonged period it can degenerate into a more rapid rhythm and can be fatal.

 

Prozac Clinical Trials

Drug-induced Brugada syndrome.

Yap YG, Behr ER, Camm AJ.

Europace. 2009 May 29. [Epub ahead of print]

PMID: 19482855 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Neurogenesis-dependent and -independent effects of fluoxetine in an animal model of anxiety/depression.

David DJ, Samuels BA, Rainer Q, Wang JW, Marsteller D, Mendez I, Drew M, Craig DA, Guiard BP, Guilloux JP, Artymyshyn RP, Gardier AM, Gerald C, Antonijevic IA, Leonardo ED, Hen R.

Neuron. 2009 May 28;62(4):479-93.

PMID: 19477151 [PubMed - in process]

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Dissecting the pathophysiology of depression with a Swiss army knife.

Lledo PM.

Neuron. 2009 May 28;62(4):453-5.

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Simultaneous determination of anti-diabetes/anti-obesity drugs by LC/PDA, and targeted analysis of sibutramine analog in dietary supplements by LC/MS/MS.

Kim SH, Lee J, Yoon T, Choi J, Choi D, Kim D, Kwon SW.

Biomed Chromatogr. 2009 May 27. [Epub ahead of print]

PMID: 19475544 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Influence of antidepressant drugs on Ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (E-NPPs) from salivary glands of rats.

Henz SL, Cognato GD, Vuaden FC, Bogo MR, Bonan CD, Sarkis JJ.

Arch Oral Biol. 2009 May 25. [Epub ahead of print]

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Continuous Fluoxetine Administration Prevents Recurrence of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Prolongs Survival in Rats.

Zhu SP, Mao ZF, Huang J, Wang JY.

Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2009 Mar 26. [Epub ahead of print]

PMID: 19473340 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Cardiac sympathetic activity in stress-induced (Takotsubo) cardiomyopathy.

Prasad A, Madhavan M, Chareonthaitawee P; Medscape.

Nat Rev Cardiol. 2009 Jun;6(6):430-4.

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Effects of SNS activation on SSRI-induced sexual side effects differ by SSRI.

Ahrold TK, Meston CM.

J Sex Marital Ther. 2009;35(4):311-9.

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Relative Cost-Effectiveness of Treatments for Adolescent Depression: 36-Week Results From the TADS Randomized Trial.

Domino ME, Foster EM, Vitiello B, Kratochvil CJ, Burns BJ, Silva SG, Reinecke MA, March JS.

J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2009 May 20. [Epub ahead of print]

PMID: 19465880 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Why are physicians reluctant to use estrogens for anything - or do they prefer 'PROFOX'?

Studd J.

Menopause Int. 2009 Jun;15(2):52-4.

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Cortico-striatal cyclic AMP-phosphodiesterase-4 signalling and stereotypy in the deer mouse: attenuation after chronic fluoxetine treatment.

Korff S, Stein DJ, Harvey BH.

Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2009 May;92(3):514-20. Epub 2009 Feb 6.

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Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of norfluoxetine in rats: Increasing extracellular serotonin level in the frontal cortex.

Qu Y, Aluisio L, Lord B, Boggs J, Hoey K, Mazur C, Lovenberg T.

Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2009 May;92(3):469-73. Epub 2009 Feb 5.

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Lack of in vitro interactions using human liver microsomes between rabeprazole and anticancer drugs.

Tamaro I, Genazzani A, Canonico P, Grosa G.

Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2009 Jan-Mar;34(1):19-26.

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New light on the serotonergic paradox in the rat circadian system.

Cuesta M, Clesse D, Pévet P, Challet E.

J Neurochem. 2009 Apr 27. [Epub ahead of print]

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High resolution micro-SPECT scanning in rats using (125)I beta-CIT: Effects of chronic treatment with carbamazepine.

Cain SM, Ruest T, Pimlott S, Patterson J, Duncan R, Dewar D, Sills GJ.

Epilepsia. 2009 May 9. [Epub ahead of print]

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Mirtazapine: a review of its use in major depression and other psychiatric disorders.

Croom KF, Perry CM, Plosker GL.

CNS Drugs. 2009;23(5):427-52. doi: 10.2165/00023210-200923050-00006.

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Utility of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of resistant unipolar depression.

Debattista C, Hawkins J.

CNS Drugs. 2009;23(5):369-77. doi: 10.2165/00023210-200923050-00002.

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[Efficacy and safety of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors in the treatment of premature ejaculation: a systematic evaluation]

Huang XK, Lu YP, Luo SW, Wang F, Xie ZY, Wang XD.

Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2009 Mar;15(3):248-55. Chinese.

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Placental transfer of SSRI and SNRI antidepressants and effects on the neonate.

Rampono J, Simmer K, Ilett KF, Hackett LP, Doherty DA, Elliot R, Kok CH, Coenen A, Forman T.

Pharmacopsychiatry. 2009 May;42(3):95-100. Epub 2009 May 18.

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Potentially inappropriate medication prescribing in outpatient practices: Prevalence and patient characteristics based on electronic health records.

Buck MD, Atreja A, Brunker CP, Jain A, Suh TT, Palmer RM, Dorr DA, Harris CM, Wilcox AB.

Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 2009 Apr;7(2):84-92.

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Behavioral abnormality and pharmacologic response in social isolation-reared mice.

Koike H, Ibi D, Mizoguchi H, Nagai T, Nitta A, Takuma K, Nabeshima T, Yoneda Y, Yamada K.

Behav Brain Res. 2009 Aug 24;202(1):114-21. Epub 2009 Mar 31.

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Depression in children and adolescents.

Hazell P.

Clin Evid (Online). 2009 Jan 7;2009. pii: 1008.

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Pediatric generalized anxiety disorder: epidemiology, diagnosis, and management.

Keeton CP, Kolos AC, Walkup JT.

Paediatr Drugs. 2009;11(3):171-83. doi: 10.2165/00148581-200911030-00003.

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[Effects of chronic fluoxetine treatment on catalepsy and immune response in mice genetically predisposed to freezing reaction: the role of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors and tph2 and SERT genes]

[No authors listed]

Zh Vyssh Nerv Deiat Im I P Pavlova. 2009 Mar-Apr;59(2):237-44. Russian.

PMID: 19445393 [PubMed - in process]

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Fluoxetine treatment affects nitrogen waste excretion and osmoregulation in a marine teleost fish.

Morando MB, Medeiros LR, McDonald MD.

Aquat Toxicol. 2009 Apr 18. [Epub ahead of print]

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Binding of CYP2C9 with diverse drugs and its implications for metabolic mechanism.

Wang JF, Yan JY, Wei DQ, Chou KC.

Med Chem. 2009 May;5(3):263-70.

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Monoaminergic neurotransmission: the history of the discovery of antidepressants from 1950s until today.

López-Muñoz F, Alamo C.

Curr Pharm Des. 2009;15(14):1563-86.

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[Application of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC/MS) to determine antidepressants in blood samples]

Pufal E, Sykutera M.

Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol. 2009 Oct-Dec;58(4):171-6. Polish.

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[Antipsychotics in clinical practice. Treatment of the first schizophrenic episode]

Jarema M, Meder J, Araszkiewicz A, Tyszkowska M.

Psychiatr Pol. 2008 Nov-Dec;42(6):841-58. Polish.

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Paradoxical Anxiogenic Response of Juvenile Mice to Fluoxetine.

Oh JE, Zupan B, Gross S, Toth M.

Neuropsychopharmacology. 2009 May 13. [Epub ahead of print]

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Trismus induced by fluoxetine.

Filho AS, Carvalho DL, Tumas V, Hetem LA, Ferrari MC, Crippa JA.

J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2009 Jun;29(3):306-7. No abstract available.

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Treatment-emergent sexual dysfunction related to antidepressants: a meta-analysis.

Serretti A, Chiesa A.

J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2009 Jun;29(3):259-66.

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Ascorbic acid administration produces an antidepressant-like effect: evidence for the involvement of monoaminergic neurotransmission.

Binfaré RW, Rosa AO, Lobato KR, Santos AR, Rodrigues AL.

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Early raise of BDNF in hippocampus suggests induction of posttranscriptional mechanisms by antidepressants.

Musazzi L, Cattaneo A, Tardito D, Barbon A, Gennarelli M, Barlati S, Racagni G, Popoli M.

BMC Neurosci. 2009 May 13;10(1):48. [Epub ahead of print]

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5-HT1A receptor antagonism reverses and prevents fluoxetine-induced sexual dysfunction in rats.

Sukoff Rizzo SJ, Pulicicchio C, Malberg JE, Andree TH, Stack GP, Hughes ZA, Schechter LE, Rosenzweig-Lipson S.

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Antidepressant specificity of serotonin transporter suggested by three LeuT-SSRI structures.

Zhou Z, Zhen J, Karpowich NK, Law CJ, Reith ME, Wang DN.

Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2009 May 10. [Epub ahead of print]

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Guirado R, Varea E, Castillo-Gómez E, Gómez-Climent MA, Rovira-Esteban L, Blasco-Ibáñez JM, Crespo C, Martínez-Guijarro FJ, Nàcher J.

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Inhibitory effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on the vesicular monoamine transporter 2.

Yasumoto S, Tamura K, Karasawa J, Hasegawa R, Ikeda K, Yamamoto T, Yamamoto H.

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Quantitative evaluation of serotonin release and clearance in Drosophila.

Borue X, Cooper S, Hirsh J, Condron B, Venton BJ.

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Fluoxetine attenuates kainic acid-induced neuronal cell death in the mouse hippocampus.

Jin Y, Lim CM, Kim SW, Park JY, Seo JS, Han PL, Yoon SH, Lee JK.

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Serotonin stimulates platelet receptor shedding by tumor necrosis factor-alpha-converting enzyme (ADAM17).

Duerschmied D, Canault M, Lievens D, Brill A, Cifuni SM, Bader M, Wagner DD.

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Fantegrossi WE, Bauzo RM, Manvich DM, Morales JC, Votaw JR, Goodman MM, Howell LL.

Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2009 May 7. [Epub ahead of print]

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Effect of Date of Drug Marketing on Disproportionality Measures in Pharmacovigilance: The Example of Suicide with SSRIs Using Data From the UK MHRA.

Pariente A, Daveluy A, Laribière-Bénard A, Miremont-Salame G, Begaud B, Moore N.

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[Combining Antidepressants: a Useful Strategy for Therapy Resistant Depression?]

Schmauß M, Messer T.

Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 2009 May 4. [Epub ahead of print] German.

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Pediatric antidepressant use after the black-box warning.

Busch SH, Barry CL.

Health Aff (Millwood). 2009 May-Jun;28(3):724-33.

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Novel sequence variations in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene and association with major depression and antidepressant treatment response.

Licinio J, Dong C, Wong ML.

Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009 May;66(5):488-97.

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Pre-exposure to environmental cues predictive of food availability elicits hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation and increases operant responding for food in female rats.

Cifani C, Zanoncelli A, Tessari M, Righetti C, Di Francesco C, Ciccocioppo R, Massi M, Melotto S.

Addict Biol. 2009 Apr 28. [Epub ahead of print]

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Fluoxetine potentiates the effects of corticotropin-releasing factor on locomotor activity and serotonergic systems in the roughskin newt, Taricha granulosa.

Lowry CA, Hale MW, Burke KA, Renner KJ, Moore FL.

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Aripiprazole augmentation in major depressive disorder: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with inadequate response to antidepressants.

Berman RM, Fava M, Thase ME, Trivedi MH, Swanink R, McQuade RD, Carson WH, Adson D, Taylor L, Hazel J, Marcus RN.

CNS Spectr. 2009 Apr;14(4):197-206.

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Antidepressants at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations Affect Predator Avoidance Behavior of Larval Fathead Minnows (Pimephales promelas).

Painter MM, Buerkley MA, Julius ML, Vajda AM, Norris DO, Barber LB, Furlong ET, Schultz MM, Schoenfuss HL.

Environ Toxicol Chem. 2009 Apr 30:1. [Epub ahead of print]

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Early induction of CREB activation and CREB-regulating signalling by antidepressants.

Tardito D, Musazzi L, Tiraboschi E, Mallei A, Racagni G, Popoli M.

Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2009 Apr 29:1-15. [Epub ahead of print]

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Pediatric depression: issues and treatment recommendations.

Cullen K, Klimes-Dougan B, Kumra S.

Minn Med. 2009 Mar;92(3):45-8.

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Orosomucoid influences the response to antidepressants in major depressive disorder.

Harley J, Roberts R, Joyce P, Mulder R, Luty S, Frampton C, Kennedy M.

J Psychopharmacol. 2009 Apr 24. [Epub ahead of print]

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Pharmaceutical and personal care products in tile drainage following surface spreading and injection of dewatered municipal biosolids to an agricultural field.

Edwards M, Topp E, Metcalfe CD, Li H, Gottschall N, Bolton P, Curnoe W, Payne M, Beck A, Kleywegt S, Lapen DR.

Sci Total Environ. 2009 Jul 1;407(14):4220-30. Epub 2009 Apr 26.

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Results of a retrospective claims database analysis of differences in antidepressant treatment persistence associated with escitalopram and other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the United States.

Esposito D, Wahl P, Daniel G, Stoto MA, Erder MH, Croghan TW.

Clin Ther. 2009 Mar;31(3):644-56.

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Inhibitory effect of antidepressants on the NMDA-evoked [(3)H]noradrenaline release from rat hippocampal slices.

Mayer A, Szasz BK, Kiss JP.

Neurochem Int. 2009 Apr 22. [Epub ahead of print]

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[Study on electroacupuncture treatment of depression by magnetic resonance imaging]

Duan DM, Tu Y, Chen LP, Wu ZJ.

Zhongguo Zhen Jiu. 2009 Feb;29(2):139-44. Chinese.

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A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine in patients with intermittent explosive disorder.

Coccaro EF, Lee RJ, Kavoussi RJ.

J Clin Psychiatry. 2009 Apr 21. [Epub ahead of print]

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National Class Action Filed against Drug-maker for Paxil-induced Suicides in Youths


The mother of an 11-year old Wichita, Kansas boy who committed suicide on Paxil and a teenager from Pflugerville, Texas (a small town outside of Austin) who attempted suicide while taking Paxil, jointly filed a national class action lawsuit today in federal court in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the hometown of Paxil-maker, Glaxo SmithKline. The two plaintiffs theoretically represent all individuals under the age of 18 in the United States who attempted suicide or the families of individuals who killed themselves as a result of an adverse reaction to Paxil. The complaint charges include fraud, negligence, strict liability and breach of warranty. (See attached Lawsuit Allegations.)

The FDA has required all antidepressant manufacturers to place a black box warning in their labels alerting physicians and patients to the increased risk of suicidality, which went into effect in January 2005.

The Plaintiffs

11-year-old Trevor Blain was prescribed Paxil for “separation anxiety disorder” by his pediatrician in October 2000. He immediately began having difficulty sleeping and had angry outbursts while on Paxil, but his family did not make the connection between his deteriorating behavior and the drug. He continued taking the medication as prescribed. In early November 2000, Trevor hanged himself with his dog’s leash in the family laundry room. Although he survived the suicide attempt, he remained comatose for several weeks and died on December 7, 2000.

17-year-old Tonya Brooks was a shy high school student. Her family doctor diagnosed her with “social anxiety disorder” and prescribed Paxil in 2004. She became agitated, aggressive and had difficulty sleeping while taking Paxil. She first attempted suicide by taking an overdose of Paxil and a sleeping medication, Ambien. She survived the attempt and two days later gouged a hole in her leg with a pair of scissors. She was hospitalized for several days.

Tonya is one of six youths featured in a new documentary film entitled “Prescription: Suicide?” The film will be screened at the upcoming Beverly Hills Film Festival on April 8, 2006. The documentary takes an intimate look at children and teens who have committed suicide or attempted suicide while taking antidepressants and the impact these tragic events have had on their families. Tonya's mother, Cheryl Brooks stated: “No parent should have to go through what we did.” Explaining her horror when she found her daughter sprawled on the bathroom floor after her suicide attempt, Mrs. Brooks stated: "[T]here was blood everywhere.... [The manufacturers of these drugs] should be paying for this. They gave these medicines to these kids - that's murder...”

Baum Hedlund partner, Karen Barth Menzies, stated regarding the lawsuit: “Through our Paxil litigation, we've obtained documents that show a seriously troubling mentality of profit over safety and a callous disregard for the welfare of children. That’s about as reprehensible as you can get. Governmental regulators around the world have now analyzed the actual data from the clinical trials, not GSK’s version of it, and have found an increased risk of suicidality. Yet the drug companies and their hired mouthpieces in the medical academic community, including the pediatric arm of the APA [American Psychiatric Association], continue to downplay the Black Box Warning as an “over-reaction” by FDA. They continue to try to hide this risk from parents for the sake of profits. We wanted to make sure the rights of all of these kids are protected by filing this lawsuit.”

The Lawsuit’s Allegations

• Paxil was introduced into the U.S. market on December 29, 1992, and is a well known antidepressant medication in the same class as Prozac, Zoloft, Effexor, Celexa and Lexapro (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or "SSRI’s”). Paxil is approved for marketing in the United States for conditions such as depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, and “social anxiety disorder.” It is not approved for pediatric use.

• Although a number of clinical trials have been conducted in the pediatric population, Paxil has never been approved by the FDA for use in children/adolescents because the studies show that the drug doesn’t work. (¶ 18.)

• The studies show a more than doubling of the risk and in one study, there was a nearly 6 times increase of suicidal thoughts and behavior compared to placebo. (¶ 19.)

• Not until 2002 was it recognized that GSK had been coding suicidal behavior as “emotional lability,” thus hiding the risk. (¶ 19.)

• Notwithstanding the clinical trials which showed Paxil to be ineffective for pediatric patients and associated with an increased risk of serious, and possibly deadly, side effects, GSK engaged in a campaign to promote the use of Paxil for use with pediatric patients. (¶ 20.)

• GSK, faced with the negative results from the pediatric studies, began a campaign to reduce the negative impact of this bad study data. GSK prepared a medical journal article regarding Study 329 that was not only “ghost written,” but falsely stated that Paxil was superior to placebo among “four of the parameters,” including one which was identified as a “primary outcome measure.” In fact, GSK knew that Paxil was not found to be superior to placebo amongst any of the “primary outcome measures.” Further, the article stated that “most adverse effects were not serious,” and failed to list suicide-related events as “serious.” (¶ 20.)

• In a document directed to “all sales representatives selling Paxil,” a GSK manager stated that, according to the “Keller” article, “Paxil demonstrates REMARKABLE Efficacy and Safety in the treatment of adolescent depression.” (emphasis in original). The document states that “the findings of this study provide evidence of the efficacy and safety of Paxil in the treatment of adolescent depression.” As GSK well knew, study 329 found Paxil to be neither effective nor safe. (¶ 20.)

• GSK also hired doctors to go around the world and promote the use of Paxil for pediatric patients by way of “posters” and lectures at medical conferences. These “posters” and their presenters claimed that Paxil was effective for treating adolescent depression and free from serious side effects. In fact, GSK knew that to be false. (¶ 21.)

• In internal, unpublished documents, which have been kept from public and regulatory scrutiny via the stratagem of over-broad “confidentiality” designations, GSK has made numerous admissions about Paxil’s associated harmful side effects and lack of effectiveness in children and adolescents. Notwithstanding these admissions, in flagrant and conscious disregard and indifference, GSK has denied publicly that such nexus exists, and has failed utterly to take any measures whatsoever to alert the public, the prescribing physicians, and the patients who take it, of the incipient dangers associated with Paxil. (¶ 72.)

• GSK has defrauded the medical profession, the Paxil patient population, and the general public in that it, among other acts:

(a) Hired a firm to “ghostwrite” an article that was widely publicized which claimed, falsely, that Paxil was effective and safe for the treatment of depression with children and adolescents;
(b) Hired doctors to present “posters” around the world at medical conferences which claimed, falsely, that Paxil was effective and safe for the treatment of depression with children and adolescents;
(c) Fraudulently mischaracterized and miscoded adverse events involving self-harm with the term “emotional lability” so as to reduce the number of occurrences and hide their existence from the public and regulators;
(d) Failed to inform the medical and research communities that a significant number of pediatric patients taking Paxil during clinical trials attempted acts of self-harm at a rate that was at least twice that for pediatric patients who took placebo;
(e) Fraudulently claimed that Paxil’s characteristic side effects of insomnia, agitation and anxiety were of little or no concern when in fact these effects are known to be among the most critical and deadly of the short-term risk factors for self-harm;
(f) Fraudulently denied Paxil’s association with serious or deadly thoughts or acts of self-harm when its own investigators informed GSK (and GSK determined itself) that Paxil was associated with such conditions;
(g) Allowing the use of concomitant medications in clinical trials to lessen side effects in order to avoid the reporting of treatment-emergent adverse events, such as akathisia;
(h) Aggressively promoted Paxil to doctors for use with pediatric patients even though Paxil was not, and is not, approved for use with children and adolescents.
(¶ 73.)

• In early 2005, GSK updated Paxil’s label to include a “black-box” warning, which is the strongest warning allowed for by FDA regulations. That warning states:

Suicidality in Children and Adolescents

Antidepressants increased the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior (suicidality) in short-term studies in children and adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and other psychiatric disorders. Anyone considering the use of PAXIL or any other antidepressant in a child or adolescent must balance this risk with the clinical need. Patients who are started on therapy should be observed closely for clinical worsening, suicidality, or unusual changes in behavior. Families and caregivers should be advised of the need for close observation and communication with the prescriber. PAXIL is not approved for use in pediatric patients. (See WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS -- Pediatric Use)

Pooled analysis of short-term (4 to 16 weeks) placebo-controlled trials of 9 antidepressant drugs (SSRIs and others) in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), or other psychiatric disorders (a total of 24 trials involving over 4,400 patients) have revealed a greater risk of adverse events representing suicidal thinking or behavior (suicidality) during the first few months of treatment in those receiving antidepressants. The average risk of such events in patients receiving antidepressants was 4%, twice the placebo risk of 2%. No suicides occurred in these trials.

(¶ 28.)

April 25, 2006

Drip Drip Drip - Paxil Info Leaks Out

by Evelyn Pringle

http://www.opednews.com

Secrecy agreements in litigation hide information about defective products or a company’s negligence, and sometimes go so far as to prohibit the parties from discussing that there ever was a lawsuit. Such is the case with Paxil and as a result, unwitting patients continued to take the drug long after its dangers were known to GlaxoSmithKline.

Many lawsuits filed against Glaxo have been settled out of court, with confidential agreements that prevent the public from knowing about the harmful effects of the Paxil.

Previously sealed documents and internal company memos suppressed with protective orders, prove that Glaxo knew about the problems with Paxil before it received FDA approval, but continued to sell the drug for over a decade without warning consumers.

Long overdue legislation is currently pending in both the US House of Representatives and the Senate known as Sunshine in Litigation Act of 2005, which basically says that a court shall not enter an order restricting the disclosure of information obtained through discovery, an order approving a settlement agreement that would restrict the disclosure of such information, or an order restricting access to court records in a civil case

Glaxo currently faces thousands of lawsuits over Paxil side effects related to addiction, dependence, and a severe withdrawal syndrome.

SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) like Paxil, are not addictive in the sense that “an individual would mortgage their livelihoods and all they hold dear for further supplies of the drug,” according to Dr David Healy MD, FRCPsych, North Wales Department of Psychological Medicine

SSRIs can hook patients in the sense of making you “physically dependent,” he explains.

Dr Healy, is considered an expert on Paxil and has had access to confidential studies from the Glaxo archives. The common symptoms of withdrawal, he says, break down into two groups. The first group may be unlike anything you have had before, he warns, to include:

Dizziness
Headache
Muscle Spasms
Tremor
Electric Shock-like Sensations
Other Strange Tingling or Painful Sensations
Nausea, Diarrhoea, Flatulence
Dreams, including Vivid Dreams
Agitation

The second group overlaps with general nervousness, Dr Healy says, and may lead to you or your physician to think that all you have are features of your original problem. These symptoms include:

Depression
Lability of Mood
Irritability
Agitation
Confusion
Fatigue/Malaise
Flu-like Feelings
Insomnia or Drowsiness
Mood Swings
Sweating
Feelings of Unreality
Feelings of being Hot or Cold

These symptoms appear in anywhere between 20% to 50% of patients taking SSRIs, Dr Healy says, sometimes within hours of the last dose.

In the class action case against Glaxo settled in 2005, In re: Paxil Products Liability Litigation, MDL No 1574, CD Calif, the plaintiffs were forever silenced by a strict confidentiality clause incorporated into the settlement agreement.

This author obtained a copy of the lawsuit’s complaint, dated August 23, 2001, as well as a copy of the settlement agreement with a secrecy clause that states in relevant part:

Plaintiffs and their attorneys, “will not make any statements, either directly or indirectly, by implication or innuendo, to anyone, including but not limited to consultants, experts, the press or media, concerning the amount or other terms of such settlement or settlements, or the nature and substance of settlement negotiations, or describing or characterizing the settlement in any way.”

Plaintiffs and their attorneys “will not, either directly or indirectly, publicize the fact of the settlement and that any inquiry into the settlement, its amount, meaning, interpretation or comparative value, or the negotiations leading to the settlement by anyone, including but not limited to the press or media, will be met only by a statement that the case has been resolved, and will decline any requests for interviews by the press or media regarding the settlement, its history or its terms.”

The clause even extends the internet specifically in that plaintiffs and attorneys “will not maintain and instead will discontinue any website references to Paxil discontinuation or withdrawal.”

And, it says, they “agree to refrain from any future internet postings regarding Paxil discontinuation or withdrawal.”

Paragraph 5 of the lawsuit’s complaint says that over a 2 years period, “plaintiffs' attorneys have been individually contacted by approximately 500 Paxil withdrawal victims.”

And, the pain and suffering experienced by each individual is the direct result of Glaxo’s “failure to warn users of Paxil’s addictive nature, the drug's inducement of physical or psychologic dependency, and its infliction of dependency/withdrawal syndrome when the patient's Paxil dosage is reduced or terminated,” the complaint states.

Paragraph 16, lists withdrawal reactions that “can summed up as one or more of the following complaints: jolting electric "zaps," dizziness, light headedness, vertigo, incoordination, gait disturbances, sweating, extreme nausea, vomiting, high fever, abdominal discomfort, flu symptoms, anorexia, diarrhea, agitation, tremulousness, irritability, aggression, sleep disturbance, nightmares, tremor, confusion, memory and concentration difficulties, lethargy, malaise, weakness, fatigue, paraesthesias, ataxia, and/or myalgia.”

Paragraph 7, says: “These reactions are "unexpected" to the victims and even their physicians because the manufacturer has deliberately failed to properly warn of this.”

“Both physician and patient unwittingly use Paxil without knowing the drug's addictive traits,” the complaint says.

Paragraph 8, charges that because Glaxo has suppressed the information, patients and physicians are fooled into thinking that the reactions are caused by another condition, such as relapse into depression, thus prompting incorrect and unnecessary medical treatment, including increased dosages of Paxil.

While researchers have acknowledged the potential for withdrawal reactions with all SSRIs, Paxil is by far the worst. Citing data from the World Health Organization, the lawsuit’s complaint states: “Paxil has the highest incidence rate of withdrawal adverse experiences of any antidepressant drug in the world.”

Starting in December 2001, Glaxo finally added a minimizing precaution to Paxil’s label of some possible "discontinuation" side effects affecting "2 percent or greater" of patients based on studies.

However, documents reveal that Glaxo has always known about the withdrawal syndrome. For instance, in 1993, in a report that occurred 5 months after Paxil arrived on the market, Stoker and Eric noted Paxil withdrawal at the American Psychiatric Association's annual meeting in San Francisco, May 22-27, 1993.

The authors of the study conducted 2 week tapering off periods for 186 patients in 6 to 12 week doubled blinded comparative studies. Low dose and high dose groups were studied. Paxil's low dose group actually did worse than the high dose group, suffering 42% withdrawal rate, compared to 38% in the high dose group. And, both occurred even though the tapering off regime was initiated during dosage reduction.

The lawsuit’s complaint specifically describes close to 10 studies that reveal a high rate of withdrawal symptoms since Paxil came on the market that Glaxo was fully aware of.

A fact well-evidenced in internal company documents. A previously suppressed, May 1, 1997, Glaxo memo to, “Paxil Selling Team,” on the “discontinuation syndrome,” defines the withdrawal syndrome as, "a class effect that can occur when an SSRI is stopped abruptly. Symptoms may include asthenia, flu-like symptoms, fatigue, dizziness, nausea, and sleep disturbances (insomnia, vivid dreams or nightmares)."

However, the memo instructs Glaxo sales representatives to avoid using the term and says: "instead of 'withdrawal syndrome,' which implies addictive properties, try to refer to this phenomenon as 'discontinuation symptoms.'"

Eight months later, in a December 1, 1997, "Business Plan Guide," sales representatives were instructed to "minimize concerns surrounding discontinuation symptoms," and told to explain to doctors that the "discontinuation incident rate is two in 1,000 patients."

However, according to a 1997 review, one study found that 25% of patients experienced at least one discontinuation symptoms, verses 5.9% taking a placebo. In another study of patients with major depression, 42% experienced at least 1 discontinuation symptom.

Another internal memo kept hidden with a protective order, states: “Discontinuation: why this is an issue,” followed by, “’97 Seroxat/Paxil sales to end Sept already exceed $1 Billion“.

This particular memo carries a cartoon-like picture of a big black money-bag.

In Paxil literature, Glaxo flat-out lied to patients and specifically said that the drug was not addictive. For example, a pamphlet made available at doctors’ offices and disseminated to patients, asked the question: “Is Paxil addictive?”

The pamphlet then states: “Paxil has been studied both in short-and long-term use and is not associated with dependence or addiction.”

The withdrawal syndrome is real and in fact, it is now known that infants of women who take SSRIs in the last 3 months of pregnancy, may experience symptoms of withdrawal, including convulsions, according to a study published in the February 4, 2005 issue of the journal Lancet.

In addition, experts warn against the use of Paxil and other SSRIs with children. According to Fred Baughman Jr, MD, an adult and child neurologist in private practice for 35 years, "most antidepressants have not proved effective in treating depression in children and some studies suggest they may cause some children to become acutely suicidal.”

Yet in 2002, Dr Baughman says, “nearly 11 million prescriptions for the drugs were given to children, 2.7 million of them to children under 12."

A report by an expert witness, previously sealed with a protective order, reveals how Glaxo concealed and manipulated data concerning Paxil-induced suicidality and how suicide attempts in studies by patients on Paxil were underreported and attempts by people taking a placebo were inflated.

Excerpts from the report were published by psychiatrist, Peter Breggin, MD, in Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry, (Volume 8, Spring 2006, pp. 77-84). Dr Breggin is a founder of the International Center for the Study of Psychiatry and Psychology (ICSPP) and the author of the Antidepressant Fact Book (2001).

His report also documents how Glaxo hid the incidence of akathisia (agitation with hyperactivity) and stimulation, which he says, are known risk factors for suicidality and violence.

Dr Breggin’s original report was based on a 3-day review of Glaxo’s sealed files, and was written for the California case of Lacuzong v GSK, and attached to a July 21, 2001, affidavit submitted in a case filed by the widow of a man who drowned their two children and himself in a tub after taking Paxil for three days.

At Glaxo’s insistence, the report remained sealed. However, in the more recent case of Moffett v Glaxo, in the US District Court for the South District of Mississippi, the report was filed in the public record.

“The drug companies,” says Dr Breggin, “settle almost all legal cases brought against them in order to seal incriminating scientific data.”

“The publication of a previously sealed medical expert report is a rare event,” he explains, “the first in my experience.”

In the book, The Antidepressant Solution, author Dr Joseph Glenmullen, a clinical instructor in psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, recommends tapering off antidepressants by following a 5-Step Antidepressant Tapering Program, to reduce both the incidence and severity of withdrawal reactions.

“Research has shown that when patients stop antidepressants cold turkey they can have high rates of withdrawal reactions,” Dr Glenmullen advises, “which vary depending on the particular drug.”

“In studies involving hundreds of patients, 66 percent of patients stopping Paxil,” he says, “have withdrawal reactions.”


For more information for injured parties go to Lawyers and Settlements.com

http://www.lawyersandsettlements.com/articles/paxil.html


Evelyn Pringle
evelyn.pringle@sbcglobal.net

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